| # | Symbol | Name | Mass |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | H | Hydrogen | 1 |
| 2 | He | Helium | 4 |
| 3 | Li | Lithium | 7 |
| 4 | Be | Beryllium | 9 |
| 5 | B | Boron | 11 |
| 6 | C | Carbon | 12 |
| 7 | N | Nitrogen | 14 |
| 8 | O | Oxygen | 16 |
| 9 | F | Fluorine | 19 |
| 10 | Ne | Neon | 20 |
| 11 | Na | Sodium | 23 |
| 12 | Mg | Magnesium | 24 |
| 13 | Al | Aluminium | 27 |
| 14 | Si | Silicon | 28 |
| 15 | P | Phosphorus | 31 |
| 16 | S | Sulphur | 32 |
| 17 | Cl | Chlorine | 35.5 |
| 18 | Ar | Argon | 40 |
| 19 | K | Potassium | 39 |
| 20 | Ca | Calcium | 40 |
| 26 | Fe | Iron | 56 |
| 29 | Cu | Copper | 63.5 |
| 30 | Zn | Zinc | 65 |
| 35 | Br | Bromine | 80 |
| 47 | Ag | Silver | 108 |
| 53 | I | Iodine | 127 |
| 79 | Au | Gold | 197 |
| 80 | Hg | Mercury | 200 |
| 82 | Pb | Lead | 207 |
| Ion | Formula | Charge |
|---|---|---|
| Sulphate | SO₄ | −2 |
| Sulphite | SO₃ | −2 |
| Nitrate | NO₃ | −1 |
| Nitrite | NO₂ | −1 |
| Phosphate | PO₄ | −3 |
| Carbonate | CO₃ | −2 |
| Hydroxide | OH | −1 |
| Permanganate | MnO₄ | −1 |
| Dichromate | Cr₂O₇ | −2 |
| Chromate | CrO₄ | −2 |
| Oxalate | C₂O₄ | −2 |
| Acetate | CH₃COO | −1 |
| Ammonium | NH₄ | +1 |
| Element | States |
|---|---|
| H | +1 (−1 hydrides) |
| O | −2 (−1 peroxides) |
| F | always −1 |
| Na, K | +1 |
| Mg, Ca | +2 |
| Al | +3 |
| Fe | +2, +3 |
| Cu | +1, +2 |
| Cr | +3, +6 |
| Mn | +2, +4, +7 |
| S | −2, 0, +4, +6 |
| N | −3 to +5 |
| Cl | −1,+1,+3,+5,+7 |
| Element | Z | Config |
|---|---|---|
| Na | 11 | [Ne] 3s¹ |
| Cl | 17 | [Ne] 3s² 3p⁵ |
| Fe | 26 | [Ar] 3d⁶ 4s² |
| Cu | 29 | [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s¹ ★ |
| Cr | 24 | [Ar] 3d⁵ 4s¹ ★ |
| Molecule | Shape | Angle |
|---|---|---|
| CH₄ | Tetrahedral | 109.5° |
| NH₃ | Pyramidal | 107° |
| H₂O | Bent | 104.5° |
| CO₂ | Linear | 180° |
| BF₃ | Trig. Planar | 120° |
| SF₆ | Octahedral | 90° |
| Name | Formula | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Alkane | CₙH₂ₙ₊₂ | CH₄, C₂H₆ |
| Alkene | CₙH₂ₙ | C₂H₄ ethene |
| Alkyne | CₙH₂ₙ₋₂ | C₂H₂ ethyne |
| Alcohol | CₙH₂ₙ₊₁OH | CH₃OH methanol |
| Carboxylic acid | CₙH₂ₙ₊₁COOH | CH₃COOH acetic acid |
| Constant | Symbol | Value |
|---|---|---|
| Gravitational acc. | g | 9.8 ≈ 10 m/s² |
| Speed of light | c | 3×10⁸ m/s |
| Planck's constant | h | 6.626×10⁻³⁴ J·s |
| Electron charge | e | 1.6×10⁻¹⁹ C |
| Electron mass | mₑ | 9.1×10⁻³¹ kg |
| Proton mass | mₚ | 1.67×10⁻²⁷ kg |
| Boltzmann k | k | 1.38×10⁻²³ J/K |
| Gas constant R | R | 8.314 J/mol·K |
| Avogadro Nₐ | Nₐ | 6.022×10²³ /mol |
| ε₀ (permittivity) | ε₀ | 8.85×10⁻¹² C²/N·m² |
| 1/4πε₀ | k | 9×10⁹ N·m²/C² |
| μ₀ (permeability) | μ₀ | 4π×10⁻⁷ T·m/A |
| G (gravitation) | G | 6.67×10⁻¹¹ N·m²/kg² |
| σ (Stefan-Boltzmann) | σ | 5.67×10⁻⁸ W/m²K⁴ |
| 1 eV | — | 1.6×10⁻¹⁹ J |
| 1 amu | — | 1.66×10⁻²⁷ kg |
| 1 Å (Angstrom) | — | 10⁻¹⁰ m |
| Quantity | Dimension | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Force | [MLT⁻²] | Newton |
| Energy | [ML²T⁻²] | Joule |
| Power | [ML²T⁻³] | Watt |
| Pressure | [ML⁻¹T⁻²] | Pascal |
| Momentum | [MLT⁻¹] | kg·m/s |
| Planck h | [ML²T⁻¹] | J·s |
| G | [M⁻¹L³T⁻²] | N·m²/kg² |
| Letter | Name | Used for |
|---|---|---|
| λ | lambda | wavelength |
| ω | omega | angular velocity |
| μ | mu | friction coeff / micro |
| α | alpha | angular acceleration |
| ρ | rho | density |
| σ | sigma | Stefan / surface charge |
| ε | epsilon | permittivity |
| Φ | phi | flux |
| × | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | 22 | 24 | 26 | 28 | 30 |
| 3 | 33 | 36 | 39 | 42 | 45 |
| 4 | 44 | 48 | 52 | 56 | 60 |
| 5 | 55 | 60 | 65 | 70 | 75 |
| 6 | 66 | 72 | 78 | 84 | 90 |
| 7 | 77 | 84 | 91 | 98 | 105 |
| 8 | 88 | 96 | 104 | 112 | 120 |
| 9 | 99 | 108 | 117 | 126 | 135 |
| 10 | 110 | 120 | 130 | 140 | 150 |
| × | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | 32 | 34 | 36 | 38 | 40 |
| 3 | 48 | 51 | 54 | 57 | 60 |
| 4 | 64 | 68 | 72 | 76 | 80 |
| 5 | 80 | 85 | 90 | 95 | 100 |
| 6 | 96 | 102 | 108 | 114 | 120 |
| 7 | 112 | 119 | 126 | 133 | 140 |
| 8 | 128 | 136 | 144 | 152 | 160 |
| 9 | 144 | 153 | 162 | 171 | 180 |
| 10 | 160 | 170 | 180 | 190 | 200 |
| n | n² | n | n² |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 | 16 | 256 |
| 2 | 4 | 17 | 289 |
| 3 | 9 | 18 | 324 |
| 4 | 16 | 19 | 361 |
| 5 | 25 | 20 | 400 |
| 6 | 36 | 21 | 441 |
| 7 | 49 | 22 | 484 |
| 8 | 64 | 23 | 529 |
| 9 | 81 | 24 | 576 |
| 10 | 100 | 25 | 625 |
| 11 | 121 | 26 | 676 |
| 12 | 144 | 27 | 729 |
| 13 | 169 | 28 | 784 |
| 14 | 196 | 29 | 841 |
| 15 | 225 | 30 | 900 |
| n | n³ |
|---|---|
| 1 | 1 |
| 2 | 8 |
| 3 | 27 |
| 4 | 64 |
| 5 | 125 |
| 6 | 216 |
| 7 | 343 |
| 8 | 512 |
| 9 | 729 |
| 10 | 1000 |
| 11 | 1331 |
| 12 | 1728 |
| 13 | 2197 |
| 14 | 2744 |
| 15 | 3375 |
| Angle | sin | cos | tan | cosec | sec | cot |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0° | 0 | 1 | 0 | ∞ | 1 | ∞ |
| 30° | 1/2 | √3/2 | 1/√3 | 2 | 2/√3 | √3 |
| 45° | 1/√2 | 1/√2 | 1 | √2 | √2 | 1 |
| 60° | √3/2 | 1/2 | √3 | 2/√3 | 2 | 1/√3 |
| 90° | 1 | 0 | ∞ | 1 | ∞ | 0 |
| 180° | 0 | −1 | 0 | ∞ | −1 | ∞ |